1. Marc Andreessen marc
Berners-Lee’s original web browser, termed the WorldWideWeb, was not especially fancy. However, many others rapidly grasped that a more powerful web browser might actually help the web take off. And thus started the browser wars. The first was between Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Mosaic, built by Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina, then workers at the University of Illinois. The Mosaic browser, subsequently renamed Netscape, with its ability to seamlessly and swiftly display pictures, graphics and video, played a crucial role in popularizing the online. Robert Metcalfe wrote:
“Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina developed NCSA Mosaic at the University of Illinois. Several million then suddenly recognised that the Web could be superior than se
2. Tim Berners-Lee TBL
Tim Berners-Lee nearly single-handily created the technology that would become known as the World Wide Web. From HTML, the HTTP protocol, the web server, to the web browser, Berners-Lee had a role in them all. Then his company handed it all way for free.
In the late ’80s Berners-Lee worked at CERN, the European research group that maintains the world’s biggest particle physics facility. CERN had numerous complicated projects going on, and Berners-Lee had the notion, based on Bush’s initial thinking, of utilising “hypertext” to help organize all the material essential to the projects. His suggested hypertext system would help to “link” the information together, making it simpler to identify relevant information.
From this start Berners-Lee went on to virtually construct what became known as “the web” practically on his own. He created the first web browser and the first web server, invented HTML, and established the HTTP protocol which described how the browser connected with the web server through TCP/IP.
3. Ken Thompson thompson
APRANET and TCP/IP lay the ground work for computers all over the globe to speak to one other. Unfortunately, the early networks linked largely mainframe computers, massive, costly machines that only major enterprises, government organizations, and some colleges could afford. Very few individuals had access to this network.
That’s where Ken Thompson, together with Dennis Richie and their company, Bell Labs, came to the rescue. Thompson and Rickie had worked on an effort to design a new operating system, MULTICS, which they believed was too complex and unstable. Based on that experience, they decided to design their own, which they termed UNIX. UNIX was portable, quick, and most significantly, could operate on affordable hardware platforms.
Bell Labs maintained a collaborative partnership with numerous academic groups, including the University of California Berkeley. Berkeley student-nerds produced their own free version of UNIX. In part because of the cheap cost and simplicity of access given by UNIX, the number of servers linked to the internet rose at an incredible pace, which finally led to an ever expanding number of web-sites accessible to the public.
4. Vint Cerf cerf
Although APRANET is sometimes referred to as the original internet, it only linked computers on one network. The construction of the “real” internet had to wait until Vinton Cerf and his coauthor Bob Kahn invented TCP/IP.
Both Cert and Kahn were active with the ARPANET project. ARPANET employed a technique called “packet-switching”, devised by Paul Baran in the early ’60s. Patch-switching refers to the very intricate, hard for the average human to grasp technology used to move data from one computer to another across a tangle of routers, gateways, and cables.
A fundamental aspect of the system is total decentralization; the network continues to run even if some of the routers or other devices fail. Baran’s major aim was to avert a hypothetical nuclear exchange with the Soviet Union, as a decentralized communications network – unlike the centralized telephone network of the time – would be a less desired target. Building on this notion of a decentralized network, Cerf and Kahn invented TCP/IP, which was widely embraced and is now used by nearly every computer connected to the internet
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